Article-Journal

Risk-needs assessments (RNAs) are an evidence-based practice used by practitioners to assign supervision and programming.

The Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model posits separating lower from higher-risk individuals to avoid risk contamination.

Drug court programs were introduced in 1989 to reduce incarceration of people with drug-related offenses by integrating substance use treatment into court settings.

Used to reduce detention, bail/bond, and jail, pretrial risk assessments (PRAs) applications have expanded in the last decade.

While risk instruments are consistently used to aid classification and supervision decisions, needs assessments guide intervention efforts for individuals under supervision.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic changed U.S. prison operations and influenced the daily work of prison staff.

Personal, behavioral, and environmental risk factors are correlated to varying degrees with each other and with the overall likelihood of violent reinjury.

The continuing crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and issues surrounding disparate policing practices have illuminated an underlying issue facing law enforcement agencies- how to recruit, hire, and retain qualified officers.

Employment theoretically serves as a source of informal social control that can promote desistance from crime (Sampson & Laub, 1993).

In the assessment world, risk determines “who” to treat and needs determine “what” (Bonta & Andrews, 2016).