Risk-contamination and dilution: Advancing the RNR model in prison settings

Abstract

The Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model posits separating lower from higher-risk individuals to avoid “risk contamination.” In a prison setting, policies and restrictions lead to mixing different populations within a housing unit. While this may pose a threat, it may allow higher-risk individuals to gradually promote through security levels, reducing risk. We term this “risk dilution.” The current study compares the infraction behavior of individuals that are over-classified (housed higher than their risk) and those under-classified (housed lower than their risk). Using mixed-effect models with a large (N = 52,000) sample of incarcerated men, findings demonstrate support for both contamination and dilution. Policy implications identify the impact of these two processes on overcrowded prisons and the consolidation of housing units post decarceration.

Baylee Allen-Flores

Ph.D. Candidate

My research interests are risk-needs assessments, implementation science, prison misconduct, and prison policy.

Zachary Hamilton

Professor

My research centers on innovation in risk and needs assessment development.

John Ursino

Ph.D. Candidate

My research focuses on advancing evidence-based practices in criminal justice. Primary areas of research include evaluating and constructing risk-need assessments to enhance decision-making processes, addressing challenges related to prison and jail crowding, and exploring correctional system reforms.

Alex Kigerl

Research Associate

I am an RNA development expert, specializing in data management and analysis.